Productivity is not without cause. What cause is it? The answer is not far off. It's motivation that drives any worker to be as productive as he can be. Without proper motivation, potentials will just be potentials, failing to materialize into productive output.

An employer, most naturally, desires that his workers be as productive as they can. But what sort of motivation should the employer feed his workers? Higher wages? Non-monetary benefits like health insurance and the such? Various experiments have been done regarding the topic, and one of them is the Hawthorn Experiment.

Link: Personal website of R. Kannan